The invention belongs to the technical field of microscopes, in particular to an incident differential interference phase contrast microscope. The microscope comprises an observation mirror, an incident illuminator and a differential interference phase contrast component, wherein the differential interference phase contrast component comprises a differential interference prism, an adjusting rod for adjusting the forward and backward movement of the differential interference prism, and an adjusting screw for adjusting the vertical height of the differential interference prism. The incident differential interference phase contrast microscope has the functions of upright observation and polarization observation of a bright field, can perform differential interference phase contrast observation, has a simple structure, is convenient to operate, can acquire micro-images with a uniform field and obvious contrast, can be applied to the fields of modern electronic industry, material scientific research and manufacturing, and the like, and meets the requirement of nondestructive optical detection.