The invention relates to a device and a method for recovering shale oil of a cooling tower section of an oil shale dry distillation system. The method mainly comprises the following steps of: extracting shale oil gas carried in recycle gas by using a cooling tower rinsing process; feeding an oil and water mixture into a dehydrator of a cooling tower to remove moisture from the mixture; feeding purified shale oil and the shale oil recovered by a subsequent electric catching tower into an oil-water separation tank to dehydrate further; and discharging shale oil serving as a refined oil product out of the device. The device is advanced, has a long continuous running period, a small size, low failure rate, and obvious energy saving and emission reduction effects and technical and social benefits and can effectively extract the shale oil gas carried in the recycle gas, prepare high-purity shale oil, prevent oil gas from corroding a pipeline.