The invention relates to a large composite acid fracturing method of a fracture cave type carbonate rock reservoir. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps of while communicating a plurality of fracture caves on the periphery of a shaft of the reservoir: (1) filling quick water into the stratum through the oil pipe of the mixed filling with the oil sleeve; (2) adding powdered ceramic to the stratum through the oil pipe; (3) filling acid liquid into the stratum through the oil pipe for the first time; (4) filling acid liquid into the stratum through the oil pipe for the second time; and (5) filling excess displacing liquid through the oil pipe or the mixed filling with the oil sleeve, wherein the large composite acid fracturing method indicates that the total construction liquid quantity is more than 2,000m<3>. The invention improves the length of an artificial acid fracturing fracture to reach longer than 140m and solves the problem that a conventional acid fracturing technology of a fracture cave type carbonate rock reservoir within the range of 200m of the shaft cannot communicate a far-shaft reservoir, and a new fracture cave reservoir is needed to be searched through side tracking.