The invention discloses a polishing machine for vertical stripes of a column tube, which is used for polishing a surface along the axial direction of the column tube. The polishing machine comprises a supporting frame, a roller device, a polishing mechanism and a cover body, wherein the roller device comprises a pair of rotatable rollers, a roller supporting seat, a roller driving device, a big supporting plate, a small supporting plate and two roller center distance adjusting devices, wherein the roller driving device drives one roller to rotate, one roller and the roller driving device are together installed on the big supporting plate, the other roller is independently installed on the small supporting plate, and the two roller center distance adjusting devices are respectively installed on the big supporting plate and the small supporting plate and can be used for respectively adjusting the pair of rollers to horizontally move to the two sides; and the polishing mechanism comprises at least a polishing wheel, a polishing wheel driving device, an installing plate and a polishing wheel lifting adjusting device which are formed into a set, wherein the polishing wheel is used for grinding along the axial direction of a column tube workpiece, the polishing wheel and the polishing wheel driving device are together installed on the installing plate, and the polishing wheel lifting adjusting device can be used for adjusting the installing plate to move up and down. The invention has the beneficial effect of polishing vertical stripes of surfaces of cylindrical or approximatelycylindrical columns and tubes.