The invention provides an anti-counterfeiting method for random textures and a random texture identifier. The method comprises the following steps of: A, selecting a texture material 2 with randomly distributed texture elements 1; B, storing intrinsic identification features J of the texture elements 1 by an identification system; C, extracting and storing distributed random features S of the texture elements 1 in the identification system so that the texture material 2 form an anti-counterfeiting mark 3; and D, during identifying, extracting features J' and random features S' of texture elements 1' to be identified on an anti-counterfeiting mark 3' to be identified by the identification system, comparing the features J' with the identification features J and comparing the random features S' with the random features S, if two items or one item of the comparison results are not consistent, judging that the anti-counterfeiting mark 3' to be identified is not the anti-counterfeiting mark 3, otherwise, judging that the anti-counterfeiting mark 3' to be identified is the anti-counterfeiting mark 3. The method can realize that the intrinsic features of the texture elements are not simulated or deceived by the printed texture elements, and can support the cheap and simple identifier.