The invention relates to a precise machine tool headstock and tailstock driving positioning device, which comprises a support, a front shell and a rear shell, and is characterized in that the upper surface of the support is fixedly connected with the rear shell; a screw is arranged at the horizontal position in the rear shell; the screw is meshed with a nut with a worm wheel; the worm wheel is meshed with a worm; the lower end of the worm is connected with a precise speed reducer and a servo motor; the front end of the screw is fixedly connected with the front shell through a flange plate; a pressure sensor and a thrust plate are arranged in the front shell; and a butterfly spring is arranged between the pressure sensor and the thrust plate. In the invention, a driving function, a position function and a feedback control function are integrated, a structure is compact, and the speed and the positioning precision of the driving position movement are improved.