The invention discloses a three-component separation method of multi-component rare earth, which belongs to rare earth separation technology and aims to provide three-component separation technology of rare earth, which has low cost and small investment and is convenient to operate and control. Key points of the technical scheme are that: a rare earth material which comprises three or more rare earth elements is separated into a component A, a component B and a component C; during separation, on the premise of keeping an outlet percentage balanced, the component B is pre-separated into B1 and B2 by fuzzy separation technology; fine separation of adjacent elements is performed by an A/B1 and B2/C separation process; during separation, replacement extraction technology, extraction amount and washing amount multiplexing technology, washing acid regurgitation, rare earth washing technology and diversion technology are adopted; and an organic phase adopts extraction groove continuous alkaline saponification technology and extraction groove continuous rare earth saponification technology. The method is applied to three-component separation of three or more mixed rare earth elements.