The invention relates to a method for improving culture survival rate of river crabs by using a climbing device, in particular to a method for improving the raising survival rate of river crabs in a pond or other water areas. The method comprises three steps of constructing the climbing device, setting density for net sheets and hanging the net sheets. When water plants excessively grow, the river crabs can climb out of the water surface, so death of the river crabs due to oxygen deficit is prevented. The method can provide a climbing shelter for shelling of the river crabs, prevent the river crabs from being killed by the same species, prevent the water plants from covering the passage and ensure up-and-down convection of the water body, is favorable for improving the oxygen dissolution condition of the water bottom, and can reduce the cost and labor intensity of frequently clearing the water plants. By adopting the technology, the method is favorable for improving the culture survival rate, yield and benefit of the river crabs.