The invention relates to a method for saving water and reducing acid/alkali specific consumption in xylose production, which comprises the following steps: recovering waste acid and waste alkali in the xylose production, acidic water and alkaline water in the macroporous weak resin elution process, and backwash water after the exchange of the macroporous weak resin and before the regeneration of the macroporous weak resin; respectively conditioning the recovered waste acid or waste alkali by using the recovered earlier-stage acidic water or alkaline water so as to regulate the concentration of the waste acid or waste alkali to 0.3-1.0%; carrying out exchange regeneration by using the conditioned waste acid or waste alkali as a regenerant of the macroporous weak resin; and by utilizing thehydrolyzability of the macroporous weak resin, carrying out hydrolysis regeneration by using the later-stage recovered acidic water or alkaline water as the eluant. The invention abandons the processthat the macroporous weak resin uses the fresh regenerant, reduces the consumptions of the resin washing water and the regenerant, lowers the production cost, reduces the environmental pollution, hasthe advantages of reasonable technological design and high popularization value, and is simple and convenient to operate.