The invention relates to a steel wire heat treatment open-fire heating furnace with a column combined type preheater. The preheater is arranged in a smoke discharging flue and comprises a hot air tank and a cold air tank, which are communicated through a connecting vent pipe, and the hot air tank and the cold air tank are respectively partitioned into multiple chambers by partition boards. Each chamber of the hot air tank is respectively communicated with each chamber of the corresponding cold air tank through the connecting vent pipe, each chamber of the hot air tank is respectively providedwith a hot air pipe, and each hot air pipe is communicated to each section of the open-fire heating furnace. Each chamber of the cold air tank is respectively provided with a cold air pipe, each coldair pipe is communicated with a cold air header pipe, and a cold air valve is arranged on each cold air pipe. In the invention, the air quantity of each working section of the open-fire heating furnace is controlled by adjusting the air quantity entering each cold air pipe of the preheater, and the cold air valve works at normal temperature, is easy to realize automatic control and has high automatic control accuracy. The utilization rate of heat energy is high, the thermal stability of the furnace is good, and produced steel wires have good quality.