The invention relates to a device and method for quickly positioning a compound-eye vision imitated moving target and synchronously acquiring a panoramagram, belonging to the technical field of vision systems. Vision sensor equipment comprises a semi-spherical angle positioning hood, an optical fiber telescope system, a high-speed camera, an image processor and a digital processor, wherein the semi-spherical angle positioning hood is used for controlling an included angle between center lines of visual axes at the end of a fiber optic image transmission bundle objective lens; light passes through the objective lens, a fiber-optic bundle and an ocular lens and is imaged on a high-speed camera CCD (Charge-Coupled Device); the image processor can be used for detecting the motions of images in each area and splicing the panoramagram; the digital processor is used for processing a matrix M and acquiring the space position of the moving target by using a position function; and finally, by integrating the method to process the camera to obtain an image sequence, a panoramic continuous image of a large view filed and the real-time space position and the motion speed of the moving target in the large view field can be acquired. The invention has the advantages of larger view filed, strong real-time positioning capability and the like and has wide application prospect in the field of vision navigation.