The invention discloses a reciprocally turning perfusion bioreactor for biological artificial liver and a processing method thereof. The invention discloses a bioreactor, which comprises a cylindrical container, wherein the upper and lower ends of the circumferential side wall of the container are both provided with a liquid inlet, and the two end parts of the container both have a liquid outlet.Pressure buffering rings are arranged at the positions of the liquid inlets in the container respectively, and cell screens are arranged at the positions of the liquid outlets at the two ends parts in the container respectively. The invention also provides a reciprocally turning perfusion bioreactor for biological artificial liver, which has the bioreactor, and a processing method thereof. The bioreactor has the advantages that: liver cells cultured on a micro carrier are uniformly distributed in the entire bioreactor; and in a reciprocating motion, the bioreactor causes little damage to the liver cells, allows liver failure plasma to be contacted fully for effectively avoiding perfusion dead cavity and ineffective perfusion, can detoxify plasma with high efficiency, is simple in operation, low in cost and remarkable in effect, and allows the biological artificial liver to play a treatment effect to a maximum degree.