The invention discloses a testing device and method for the dynamic characteristic of a sliding combination surface. The testing device comprises an operation device and a data collecting, analyzing and processing system of an experiment device, wherein the operation device is characterized in that a single motor drives a bridge plate and a vibration exciter bracket to synchronously move; in the moving process, a vibration excitation test is carried out; the operation device comprises a substrate, a bridge plate guide rail pair, the synchronous moving device of the vibration exciter, a normalpressurization device, a tangential pressurization device and a driving actuation device; the data collecting, analyzing and processing system of the experiment device comprises a signal acquisition module, a signal path module and a signal analyzing and processing module. The vibration excitation experiment can be realized in the moving process. Motor speed is adjustable; the applied pressure can change within the required range to identify joint surface parameters under different pressure states; and a tangential guide block is a replaceable piece, and the characteristic parameters of a joint part under different materials of steel and cast iron and various surface roughness degrees can be tested. Powerful guarantee is provided for the identification precision of the joint surface experiment can be provided by the high-speed and high-efficiency data collecting, analyzing and processing system.