The invention belongs to the technical field of aviation, and relates to an aircraft fuel amount measurement sensor layout optimization design method. The invention discloses a systemic, comprehensive and high-universality fuel amount measurement sensor layout optimization design method by comprehensively taking an aircraft fuel amount measurement sensor layout optimization design basic principleinto consideration and aiming at the characteristics of complex fuel tank structure, various functional components, high measurement precision requirements and the like of a modern aircraft. The method comprises the following steps of: first, extracting a fuel tank fluid model; then, performing sensor feasible layout area division, dispersion and feasible installation line generation; next, performing constrained optimization on sensor layout by using immeasurable fuel amount at the bottom and the top; and finally, performing constrained optimization on the sensor layout according to measurement continuity and an attitude error to obtain a final sensor layout optimization result. The method has high universality, is convenient to realize program development, improves a system design means, improves system design efficiency and can meet the requirements on the fuel amount measurement sensor layout optimization design of the modern aircraft.