Provided are a communication system and a communication method wherein a single local communication terminal is allowed to use both a shared telephone number, which is shared by a plurality of communication terminals including the local communication terminal, and an individual telephone number dedicated to the local communication terminal. A shared-use managing unit (11) of a communication system (1) manages identifiers (1, 3), which are used for identifying the respective ones of a plurality of communication terminals (30a, 30b) to which a shared telephone number has been assigned, in association with the shared telephone number. An individual-use managing unit (12) manages an identifier (2), which is used for identifying the communication terminal (30b) to which an individual telephone number has been assigned, in association with the individual telephone number. A user information managing unit (13) manages, for each of the identifiers (1, 2, 3), user information including information as to whether the communication terminal identified by use of the identifier is within a communicatable distance. A call control apparatus (20) uses the user information to carry out a call control of the communication terminal (30b) to which the shared and individual telephone numbers have been assigned.