The invention discloses a method for detecting a plurality of food allergens in a sample, which comprises: (1) preparing a visible thin film sensor chip, wherein a plurality of specific probes corresponding to the DNA sequences of the plurality of allergens are fixed on the surface of a chip substrate respectively; (2) performing multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification on the DNA sequence of a test sample by using the plurality of pairs of specific upstream and downstream primers corresponding to the DNA sequences of the plurality of allergens, wherein the 5' terminal of the downstream primer has biotin bonded by a covalent bond; (3) crossing the product of the PCR amplification in the step (2) with the probes on the visible chip, and washing; (4) crossing horseradish peroxidase-marked biotin with the chip, and eluting uncrossed chains; (5) processing and developing the chip by using a horseradish peroxidase substrate; and (6), determining if the sample has the allergens and the types of the allergens according to the generation condition of a visible signal and the position of the probe corresponding to the generated visible signal. The method can quickly and synchronously detect if the sample has various allergens with high throughput.