The invention discloses a method for controlling construction quality of an asphalt pavement in real time, which comprises the following steps of: 1, drawing a universal volumetric chart to evaluate volumetric parameter characteristics of various asphalt mixtures, and selecting a proportion of an asphalt mixture, which is suitable for the local environment and is difficult to segregate; 2, checking that whether volumetric parameter information of the asphalt mixture produced in the day meets requirements of design and construction specifications so as to quickly regulate the production process; 3, evaluating the aggregation condition of the asphalt pavement by using the universal volumetric chart; and 4, analyzing and judging the compaction degree condition and temperature condition of the asphalt pavement, judging the compaction qualified rate, judging the significance of the density data difference of the asphalt pavement, checking the construction quality of the asphalt pavement and providing quantitative basis for later period payment adjustment. The method has the advantages of reasonable design, high reliability, high operability, high real-time property, high efficiency of evaluating the construction quality of the asphalt pavement, and high practicability, and contributes to improving construction quality and saving economic cost.