The invention relates to a laser gyro POS data acquisition and pre-processing system which comprises a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) data acquisition module and a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) data pre-processing module. The FPGA data acquisition module realizes the acquisition of laser gyro signal, accelerometer signal and temperature signal and acquires a clock by using the synchronous FPGA data of GPS second pulse. The DSP data pre-processing module reads the laser gyro data, the accelerometer data and the temperature data in the FPGA to pre-process the data and sends the pre-processing result to a navigation computer. The system realizes the integrated design of high-frequency and high-precision laser gyro POS data acquisition and pre-processing system of FPGA/DSP framework; therefore, the power consumption, the volume and the weight of the system are reduced so that the system performance can be greatly improved.