Disclosed is a sodium rechargeable battery. The sodium rechargeable battery comprises a first electrode and a second electrode comprising a carbon material. The carbon material satisfies one or more requirements selected from the group consisting of requirements 1, 2, 3 and 4. Requirement 1: R value (= ID/IG) obtained by Raman spectroscopic measurement is 1.07 to 3. Requirement 2: A value and sigma A value obtained by X-ray small angle scattering measurement are -0.5 to 0 and 0 to 0.010, respectively. Requirement 3: for an electrode comprising an electrode mixture obtained by mixing 85 parts by weight of the carbon material with 15 parts by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride, the carbon material in the electrode after doping and undoping of sodium ions is substantially free from pores having a size of not less than 10 nm. Requirement 4: Q1 value obtained by a differential thermal analysis is not more than 800 joules/g.