The invention relates to methods for preparing and spraying aluminum bronze powder containing a dispersion-strengthening phase. The method for preparing the aluminum bronze powder comprises the following steps: using aluminum oxide dispersion-strengthened copper powder and nanometer aluminum powder which are prepared by using an inner oxidizing method, as the raw materials; using a gluing agglomerating method to cover a layer of nanometer aluminum powder on the surface of the copper powder; and drying at a vacuum environment. The plasma spraying process is used in the method for spraying the aluminum bronze powder, wherein a spraying powder is controlled within 15-18KW and the powder feeding speed is 20-35g/min. According to the method provided by the invention, the aluminum bronze compound powder is prepared by covering the dispersion-strengthened copper powder with the nanometer aluminum powder. By using the dispersion-strengthened copper powder and the nanometer aluminum powder as the raw materials for agglomerating, the defect that the aluminum oxide dispersion-strengthened copper powder cannot be directly prepared is solved. By covering the copper powder with aluminum, the melting degree of the powder is increased by utilizing the heatproof reaction between copper and aluminum, thereby reducing the spraying power, reducing the growth of the aluminum oxide dispersion-strengthened grains and enhancing the dispersion-strengthening effect.