The invention relates to a marketable file and a method for identifying the same, and the marketable file and the method belong to the technical field of anti-counterfeiting of safe articles such as bank notes, certificates, magnetic cards, marketable bills, and the like. The invention discloses a marketable file which comprises a marketable file substrate and at least one electroluminescent substance for inspecting the marketable file, wherein the electroluminescent spectrums generated by the electroluminescent substance respectively under the excitations of electric fields of at least two types of characteristic frequencies have different spectral shapes, and the electroluminescent substance is combined with the marketable-file substrate in a code form. Based on the same principle, the invention also discloses a method for identifying the marketable file. Based on the particular relationship determination, the purpose of identifying the marketable files by using electroluminescence is achieved, so that the identification on the marketable files is simpler, more accurate and easier to realize.