Provided are a bearing processing system using an ultrasonic nano crystal surface modifier and a bearing processing method using the bearing processing system, by which a hammering speed, a hammering progress speed, and a hammering angle with respect to a bearing are precisely controlled during processing of the bearing, micro-dimples or oil pockets are formed in a surface of the bearing, a tissue of the surface is modified into nano crystals, compressive residual stress is applied to the bearing to improve hardness of the bearing, a friction coefficient and a wear rate of the bearing are reduced, a rolling contact fatigue strength is improved. The bearing processing system includes: the ultrasonic nano crystal surface modifier; a body including at least one or more transferring systems and at least one or more driving systems; and at least one or more structure rotating.