The invention relates to a spiral prepressing and aspirating method for the vertical transfer of fine powdered materials. In the invention, the wall (13) of a compression cylinder (1) with a variable outer diameter is regularly provided with a vacuumizing device (3) which comprises a bolt (9), a press plate (10), a vacuum pipe joint (11), a supporting plate (12), a sealing pad (14) and a micropore metal plate (15); the vacuumizing device is connected with a connecting hose (4) through the vacuum pipe joint, and then the connecting hose (4) is aggregated and connected to a double-direction reversing valve (6) and connected with a vacuumizing machine set (5); when fine powdered materials (8) enter the compression cylinder from a box body (17), the materials are spun through a spiral blade (2) to ensure that the fine powdered materials (8) are mutually collided to exhaust contained gas and sucked by the vacuumizing device so as to reduce the quantity of gas cavities in the fine powdered materials; and the unit volume density is improved, so that gas explosion phenomena probably being generated when a high-pressure molding machine (7) extrudes the fine powdered materials are reduced.