The invention discloses plant light energy conversion efficiency correlated protein and encoding gene and application thereof. The protein provided by the invention is the protein (a) or (b) as follows: (a) protein with an amino acid sequence shown as the sequence 1 in a sequence table; or (b) protein which is derived from the sequence 1 by substituting and/or deleting and/or adding one or more amino acid residues on the amino acid sequence as the sequence 1, and is associated with the plant light energy conversion efficiency. The invention provides a method for culturing a transgenic plant, i.e. the encoding gene of the protein is transferred into a target plant to acquire a transgenic plant of which the growing ability and/or light energy conversion efficiency is higher than that of the target plant. The invention provides a genetic material and foundation for researching and acquiring a new species of high photosynthetic resistant and strong stress crop.