The invention discloses a fast wide satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) geocoding method. In the method, a fast satellite SAR image geocoding method frame is obtained by integrating a slope-distance Doppler positioning model strictly meeting a star-to-space geometric relationship and a ground control point (GCP) development-based remote sensing image polynomial calibration model, so that theprocess of conventional satellite SAR geocoding is simplified, the efficiency of wide satellite SAR geocoding is improved, and geometric deformation caused by inaccurate Doppler central frequency in an SAR imaging algorithm is eliminated. In single-pixel geocoding, the algebra analytical solution of slope-distance Doppler nonlinear equations is given and the problem of initial value selection facing a numerical iterative method used by the conventional slop distance-Dropper positioning model is solved by the method. The invention discloses a new fast satellite SAR geocoding method, which can be widely used for satellite SAR image geocoding.