The invention provides a double-end end-pumped solid laser based on polarization coupling, comprising a pumping source (1), a collimating lens (2), a polarization splitting prism (3), a one-half wave plate (4), a reflector (5), a focusing lens, a laser gain medium (7) and a laser resonant cavity. The pumping source (1) is a filter coupling output laser diode and outputs non-polarized laser; and the laser gain medium (7) is an anisotropic uniaxial crystal. The non-polarized laser output by the fiber coupling output laser diode is decomposed into two beams of polarized laser through a polarized beam splitter prism, respectively coupled into the gain medium from both end surfaces of the gain medium through an optical system so that the polarization direction of the pumping laser entering the gain medium is parallel to a certain optical axis in the laser gain medium, and double-end polarized laser end-pumping is realized. The invention can overcome the problems of thermal load distribution unevenness, and the like caused by non-polarized one-end end-pumping so as to improve the output power, the beam quality and the operation stability of the laser.