The invention relates to the field of planters, and discloses a vertical matrix culture device. The device comprises a vertical column, a plurality of overflow devices, a plurality of basin-shaped containers, a liquid accumulator and a pump, wherein each overflow device penetrates through and is fixed on the upright column to ensure that the plurality of overflow devices are fixed on the upright column in stacks; each basin-shaped container is filled with a matrix and corresponds to one overflow device, and the bottom of each basin-shaped container is connected with the bottom of the corresponding overflow device; the liquid accumulator is arranged at the bottom of the upright column and is filled with a nutrient solution; and the pump is arranged in the liquid accumulator. By adopting the upright column-type design, the floor area is greatly saved; by adopting the overflow devices, the residual nutrient solution in the matrix of each layer can flow away in time, so that the nutrient solution is saved, and the circulating speed is accelerated; and by using the pump and a timer, automatic circulation of the whole device is realized.