The invention relates to a method for breeding carp quickly and efficiently. The method is characterized by comprising the following culture steps of: establishing 80 first breeding families by taking carp and Yellow River carp as basic breeding colonies, hatching fish fry in net cages and performing early culture; injecting radio frequency marks into abdominal cavities of 50 fish fry selected from each family by using a syringe and individually marking; evaluating the breeding value of each fish fry by using ASReml software and according to a BLUP method; performing matched breeding on male fish with the evaluated breeding values in the first ninety places and female fish with the evaluated breeding values in the first ninety places, and establishing second breeding families; performing matched breeding on 20 male fish with the evaluated breeding values closest to 0 and 20 female fish with the evaluated breeding values closest to 0, and establishing second control families; and afterthe female fish are matched with the male fish, transferring fish nests with oosperms into hatching net cages to hatch to obtain the second generation of fish fry. By the method, the carp can be bredquickly and efficiently; inbreeding depression is avoided; and breeding can be performed for a long time.