The invention relates to a loading device for simulating mechanical environment of a vertebral body, which comprises a rack, a bending and loading mechanism, a twisting mechanism and a culture room assembly, wherein the rack is formed by fixedly connecting a top plate, a middle plate, a bottom plate and two upright columns; the bending and loading mechanism comprises a stepping motor, a cylindrical cam, an eccentric shaft, an eccentric shaft support, a sliding rod, a mandril, a sliding rod screw, a positioning screw support, a mandril positioning screw, a spring positioning screw and a returnspring; the cylindrical cam is provided with a spiral groove; the twisting mechanism comprises a twisting stepping motor, an object platform and a lifting platform; the culture room assembly comprises a culture room box body, a culture room box cover and a pressing block; and the pressing block acts on the loading object. The loading device has the advantages that the loading device can provide any two or three loading functions in axial compressing, twisting and lateral bending ways simultaneously, has variable regulating function and great economic practicability and can be used for test apparatuses for culturing engineered tissues such as intervertebral disc, cartilage and muscles and the biological and mechanical properties of the tissues.