The invention discloses a method for removing trace chromium in aqueous solution. The method comprises the following steps of: culturing and analyzing a plant grown under a chromium environment, regulating the pH value of chromium-containing aqueous solution by using acid or alkali, adding calcium-containing reagent and carbonate simultaneously or respectively, standing, precipitating, and separating out water containing chromium slag, wherein the chromium content of the water is less than 0.01 mg/L by detection. The method has the characteristics that: the trace chromium compound in the aqueous solution can be removed by controlling the adding quantity of the calcium-containing reagent and the carbonate and controlling the pH value of the solution; and the water treatment time is short, the raw materials are economic and easily obtained, and any harmful element is not added into the system, so the method is an environmentally-friendly and economic treatment process. The process can be widely applied to the treatment of the discharged chromium-containing waste water in the fields of metal processing industry, electroplating industry, leather making industry, textile industry and the like.