The invention discloses a method and primers for detecting mi ribonucleic acid (miRNA) and application of the method. The method comprises the following steps of: performing reverse transcription on the miRNA in a sample by using a reverse transcription primer formed by specific basic groups and Oligo (dT); and performing real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) quantitative detection on the miRNA by using a specific forward primer, a general reverse primer and a general probe. The invention has the characteristics that: the sensitivity and the specificity of the method are obviously higher than those of the conventional method; high-throughput analysis can be performed; and the method is simply and quickly operated, is low in cost, and can be widely used for early diagnosis and prediction of critical diseases such as tumors and the like.