The invention discloses a data rearrangement device, which is used as a constituent part of a processor and executes data rearrangement operations in a vector data processing unit according to an operation process of a VLIW (Very Long Instruction Word) processor. The data rearrangement device comprises an instruction storage unit for storing instruction codes to be executed, a data storage unit for storing data instructions necessary for executing the instruction codes, an instruction reading and distributing unit for reading the instruction codes from the instruction storage unit and transmitting the read instruction codes to all the execution units, the vector data processing unit for executing vector processing instructions in the instruction codes, a vector register group which comprises vector registers VR0, VR1,...,VRn and is used for storing the data of the data storage unit, an operation unit of the data rearrangement device for reading and writing data in the vector register group, and a vector reordering register group which comprises vector reordering registers VR-CFG0, VR-CFG1, VR-CFG2,..., VR-CFGn and is used for configuring the units participating in the vector rearrangement operation to select part or all vector operation units to participate in the operation.