The invention discloses an anaerobic hydrolysis and acidification pool which comprises a reaction region and a muddy water separation region, wherein the reaction region is provided with a plurality of water inlets and a plurality of water distribution holes, the muddy water separation region is provided with a plurality of muddy water inlets and a plurality of water outlets, the muddy water inlets are connected with the water distribution holes, a stirrer is arranged at a sludge part of the reaction region, the water inlets of the reaction region are provided with a plurality of flow diverters, and each flow diverter leads the wastewater flowing direction and the sludge flowing direction stirred by the stirrer to form an angle. The pool has the advantages of being even in water distribution and higher in hydraulic stirring so as to form a good microorganism and wastewater reaction system, and is more efficient in treatment effect, further the pool is small in floor space, less in equipment, less in investment, and more convenient to run and manage.