The invention relates to a double-end double-wavelength self-compensation distributed optical fiber temperature sensor, in which two light sources are controlled by a pulse driver to emit pulse light of two wavelengths, and two groups of back Raman scattering light with different wavelengths are obtained at a tail end of a sensing optical fiber. The structure of the sensor is a double-wavelength light self-compensation structure, for the same optical fiber section under temperature function, output results of two back-scattering light wavelength paths are obtained, and the results are compared, so that a reference comparison system is built in the system, change of inner chromatic dispersion and spectrum loss of the sensing optical fiber and instability factors are eliminated, the system has better stability and accuracy, and the aim of improving the system performance is implemented.