The invention provides a method for high-efficiency task scheduling of a heterogeneous multi-core processor. The method comprises the following steps of: clustering certain special tasks which are large in communication overhead and easy to cluster in a task image to a precursor node of the tasks by adopting a linear task clustering method; starting from a topological structure of the whole task image, selecting parameters capable of comprehensively reflecting the importance of the task in the whole task image as priority weights; selecting a free critical path node to perform allocation first, and if multiple free critical path nodes exist, allocating the free critical path nodes in a sequence from high to low according to the node priority weights, and allocating all non-critical path free nodes in a sequence from high to low according to the priority weights; performing redundancy judgment, and deleting redundant tasks in a scheduling result; and performing adjustment according to the scheduling result after deleting the redundant tasks, and recalculating the earliest finish time of each task. According to the method, the efficiency of the task scheduling of the heterogeneous multi-core processor is improved, the power consumption of the processor is reduced, and the performance of the multi-core processor is promoted.