The invention relates to a test detection device for a joint bearing, belonging to the technical field of engineering machine test equipment. The joint bearing and a connecting shaft are arranged in an inner hole of a loading bracket in an interference fit way; two ends of the connecting shaft are fixed inside a following shaft sleeve and a rotary sleeve by using an expansion sleeve; the following shaft sleeve and the rotary sleeve are arranged in inner holes of double-row conical roller bearings; the double-row conical roller bearings are arranged on bearing seats at the two ends; and the bearing seats at the two ends are fixed on a base through guide blocks. The test detection device has the advantages of novel structure, high reliability, convenience for repeated assembly and disassembly, suitability for testing bearings of different specifications and capability of detecting the friction coefficient and the service life of the joint bearing and measuring the temperature change of the joint bearing under repeated load.