The invention relates to an infrared multichannel artificial compound eyes-based method for reconstructing three-dimensional surface topography, which is suitable for reconstructing a three-dimensional surface topography of objects consisting of infrared optical thick materials (materials which are opaque to infrared rays, such as metal, and the like). The method is characterized in that the method adopts a system structure with multiple parallel compound eyes, and each mini eye unit in compound eyes adopts an infrared telecentric optical path to realize structures of subparallel imaging, infrared optical fiber unit waveguide optic nerve and infrared sensor array retina receiving. Multiple mini eye optical axes are converged at a point to form a spherical beam. The mini eye optical axes contained in the multiple compound eyes are crossed with one another in a free space to form multidirectional spherical beams. The method has the advantages of being capable of obtaining multidirectional, wide-viewing-angle and optical thick target-containing surface boundary characteristic points in the free space as well as background infrared intensity information.