The invention provides a novel machine-readable travel document access control method, which can be widely used in electronic passports and Hong Kong and Macau Passports and effectively protects data security of machine-readable travel documents. The invention adopts a novel access control mode FAC, and comprises the following steps: establishing a basic control key certification and establishing a session key; and securing information. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: 1. the FAC access control encryption key is generated by a cipher machine, and directly loaded into the document in the initialization process of the machine-readable travel document; the basic access control MAC key is appointed by parameters instead of being generated independently; and 2. two optional session key establishment modes are defined: session key established by using random numbers and session key generated by using ATC (Air Traffic Control).