The invention discloses a rapid assembly structure for a scraper device. The rapid assembly structure is arranged on bearing pedestals at two sides of a working roller and comprises a pedestal (1), a scraper mounting support (2) which is arranged on the pedestal (1) and a knife holder shaft (3) which is erected on the scraper mounting support (2). The rapid assembly structure is characterized in that: a groove is formed at one side of the scraper mounting support (2); the knife holder shaft (3) is erected in the groove; a locking device (4) which can be used for assembling, disassembling and clamping the scraper mounting support (2) is arranged above the groove; the scraper mounting support (2) is connected with the pedestal (1) through a waist-shaped hole (6) and a fixing bolt (7); and one end of the scraper mounting support (2) is provided with a screw stem (5) which is in threaded connection with the pedestal (1) and can drive the scraper mounting support (2) to move vertically. The rapid assembly structure is particularly suitable for rapidly assembling and disassembling the scraper device used for cleaning the working roller of a band steel temper mill in metallurgical processing industry.