The invention relates to a high-voltage single-fracture vacuum arc extinguishing chamber. A first conductive rod and a second conductive rod respectively extend to a hollow shell from the top of the hollow shell and the bottom of the hollow shell; the ends of the first conductive rod and the second conductive rod, which extend into the hollow shell, are respectively provided with a static contact and a movable contact which are vertically and oppositely arranged at intervals; and therefore, the defects that the rated current bearing capacity is low and a four-section porcelain shell is not suitable for a large-diameter porcelain shell are overcome; the high-voltage single-fracture vacuum arc extinguishing chamber with high rated current, high breaking capacity and high insulation capacity is really realized; two functions of breaking short-circuited current and switching on and bearing rated current are separated in one device; and the current bearing capacity of the vacuum arc extinguishing chamber can be improved while the breaking capacity of the vacuum extinguishing chamber can be ensured under the condition of not increasing the contact volume. Meanwhile, according to the invention, excellent insulation and voltage resistance performances are achieved because a multiple-shielding cover system and a contact back shielding cover system are adopted.