The invention relates to a high-efficiency high-quality hotching control method for steam coal. The method comprises the following steps: implementing an ash content automatic tracking closed-loop control process, thereby fundamentally promoting the adaptability of coal hotching to the coal quality change of the steam coal and ensuring the full recycling of low, middle and high-level ash cleaned coal, and then establishing a process of distributing cabins and coal according to the ash content of a cleaned product, thereby promoting the stability of loading ash content of the cleaned product, namely, establishing a processing mode of firstly efficiently hotching, sorting and recycling fine coal and then distributing cabins and coal according to the ash content for optimizing the quality ofthe fine coal. The invention provides a feasible method for efficiently recycling and treating low-quality coal, thereby greatly promoting the economic benefit, fully utilizing energy source, reducing the environmental pollution caused by the emission of low-quality coal and realizing the energy conservation and emission reduction in the coal washing and dressing process. The method provided by the invention has high applicability to hotching coal preparation plants of low-quality steam coal.