The invention discloses a relevance-based access method of a frequency-hopping communication system. In the invention, a cognitive module is added to the common frequency-hopping communication system so as to carry out perception and communication at the same time; and collisionless channel access is realized by virtue of time delay relevance among hopping frequency of different frequency-hopping nodes so as to improve utilization ratio of a wireless spectrum, number of network nodes of the system and system throughput. The access method of calling nodes mainly comprises the following steps: (1) in the channel searching process, the calling nodes obtain use condition of time frequency resource in actual frequency-hopping communication; (2) the calling nodes select scheduling nodes and send access application to the selected nodes; (3) after receiving the access application, the scheduling nodes allocate time frequency resource to the nodes applying for access, feed back access guide information and control the nodes applying for access to access to a network; and (4) after finishing frequency-hopping communication, the nodes send logout notice to the relevant nodes so as to release the occupied time frequency resource.