The invention discloses a connecting rod installation structure applied to an opposed double-cylinder refrigeration compressor, which comprises a crankcase, a crankshaft, a right connecting rod, a left connecting rod, a right piston pin, a left piston pin, a right piston, a left piston, a right valve group, a left valve group, a motor, a support spring and a shell body; a right cylinder and a left cylinder are arranged on the crankcase; the right piston and the left piston are respectively arranged in the right cylinder and the left cylinder; the left connecting rod and the right connecting rod are respectively connected with the left piston and the right piston; a middle shaft sleeve is arranged on the right connecting rod; the left connecting rod is provided with an upper shaft sleeve, a groove and a lower shaft sleeve; and the middle shaft sleeve, the upper shaft sleeve and the lower shaft sleeve are respectively guided into the crankshaft. The installation structure can greatly reduce the reciprocating inertial force when the pistons, the connecting rods, the piston pins and other parts move, realize the balance of a moving system with a miniature mechanism structure, and reduce the overall height and the overall weight of the compressor, so that the refrigerating output and the cold-to-weight ratio of the compressor are improved.