The invention relates to an equivalent test method for a direct current thawing device, which comprises two test projects of an open-circuit test and a zero power test. A direct current voltage control capacity of the direct current thawing device is tested and direct current voltage resistant abilities of a converter valve, a direct current side disconnecting link and a thawing bus are checked by the open-circuit test; and a direct current control capacity of the direct current thawing device and through-current capabilities of the converter valve, the direct current side disconnecting link,the thawing bus and the like are checked by the zero power test. Due to the adoption of the equivalent test method, under the condition of not switching in a direct current line, the direct current voltage control function and the direct current control function of the direct current thawing device can be checked, the direct current voltage resistant abilities and the direct current resistant abilities of the converter valve, the direct current side disconnecting link and the thawing bus can be checked, and the direct current thawing device is ensured to reliably operate when the thawing needs to be carried out. The equivalent test method disclosed by the invention can be used for carrying out field test of the direct current thawing device, daily verification test and development of personnel training, so that the limitation that the direct current thawing device can be switched into the line is avoided.