The invention relates to an apparatus for measuring an ambient dose equivalent of a neutron. The apparatus comprises a probe as well as a signal collecting and processing system. The probe is composed of a first moderator spherical shell, a second moderator spherical shell, and a third moderator spherical shell, wherein the above-mentioned moderator spherical shells are fixed in a cylindrical housing; spherical centers of the first moderator spherical shell, the second moderator spherical shell, and the third moderator spherical shell are at a plane of a central axis passing through the housing; and a first detector, a second detector and a third detector are respectively embedded into central cavities of the first moderator spherical shell, the second moderator spherical shell, and the third moderator spherical shell. The signal collecting and processing system determines a correction factor according to a ratio of counting rates of the first moderator spherical shell and the third moderator spherical shell; and a counting rate of the second moderator spherical shell is converted into an ambient dose equivalent rate by using the correction factor, so that ambient dose equivalent data of a neutron are obtained. According to the invention, an energy response performance of an ambient dose equivalent of a neutron can be substantially improved and an energy response in an energy range of a 14-MeV thermal neutron can be reduced to a range of from 0.7 to 1.3.