The invention discloses a construction processing method of a large-diameter cast-in-situ thin-wall concrete composite pile. The operation construction processes such as vibratory pressing into soil and vibratory pulling out of pipes are respectively and implemented on an external steel protecting barrel, an internal steel protecting barrel and a ring-shaped plate which is arranged at the bottom end of the internal steel protecting barrel, is provided with a plurality of specific meshed steel valves. The method can lead a complex foundation soil body to form a controllable thin-wall cavity under the action of the internal steel protecting barrel and the external steel protecting barrel, so that the complex foundation soil body is convenient to be lifted into a steel bar cage and casting concrete directly. After multiple construction procedures, one complete large-diameter cast-in-situ thin-wall concrete composite pile can be finally formed. By applying the construction processing method, the construction cost can be reduced by more than 10%, the construction strength and difficulty are reduced, the self weight of pile machine equipment is reduced, and the pollution of secondary desilting transportation is avoided; and the method adapts to different soft soil layers and site construction.