The invention relates to a device for manufacturing biological carbon. A pre-heating chamber is positioned in a smoke gas chamber, both ends of the pre-heating chamber are respectively connected with a material outlet rolling tube and a material inlet roller, the other end of the material outlet rolling tube is connected with a middle material cabin, the lower part of the middle material cabin is connected with a material inlet chamber, the other end of the material inlet rolling tube is connected with a gas collection chamber, a mixed gas outlet of the gas collection chamber is connected with a gas inlet of a spraying washing cooling tower, a dry distillation chamber is positioned in a combustion chamber, both ends of the dry distillation chamber are respectively connected with a front rolling tube and a back rolling tube, the other end of the front rolling tube is connected with the material inlet chamber, the other end of the back rolling tube is connected with the material outlet chamber, a cooling chamber is connected under the material outlet chamber, a mixed gas outlet of the material outlet chamber is connected with a gas inlet of the spraying washing cooling tower, an external fuel combustion device and a non-condensed combustible gas combustion device are arranged in a position in the combustion chamber positioned at the lower part of the dry distillation chamber, and a hot smoke gas pipeline is arranged between the top of the combustion chamber and the bottom of the hot smoke gas chamber. The device for manufacturing the biological carbon provided by the invention can be used for industrially manufacturing the biological carbon in a pollution-free way at low cost.