The invention discloses a topological anti-misoperation system for a power grid, which is characterized by comprising the following functional modules: a data interface module for reading a power grid model and a power grid operation mode from a power grid automation system and a power grid centralized controlling system, acquiring a currently checking operation of a user and returning an anti-misoperation judgment result to the user; a data processing module for processing the power grid model and the processing the operation mode; a network topology analysis module for reading a current power grid model and a real-time operation mode and automatically carrying out substation island analysis and interval analysis; and an anti-misoperation locking control module for acquiring a current operation of the user, carrying out different anti-misoperation locking logic treatments according to the type of operation equipment and returning a result to the user. After the topological anti-misoperation system is adopted, the anti-misoperation locking control of a full-grid model can be realized and the scheduling misoperation can be furthest avoided.