The invention discloses an intelligent overhead line failure alarm with a self-adaptive function. The alarm comprises an overhead lead, a sensor, a signal protection and analog-to-digit (AD) conversion circuit, an acquisition control unit, a microprogrammed control unit (MCU), a power control module, a magnetic energy conversion circuit, a wireless radio frequency (RF) module and a clock module, wherein the sensor, the signal protection and analog-to-digit (AD) conversion circuit, the acquisition control unit, the MCU, the power control module and the magnetic energy conversion circuit are sequentially connected; the wireless RF module is respectively connected with the power control module and the MCU; the clock module is respectively connected with the power control module and the MCU; the power control module is also connected with the acquisition control unit; and the sensor detects the current of an overhead lead. The microprocessor technology, the data communication technology and the data analysis technology are comprehensively applied in the alarm; the disadvantages of a failure indicator are overcome through the alarm; and the alarm has high failure detection ability and the self-adaptive function, and can quickly detect a failure of the overhead line, quickly locate and ensure the safe and stable running of the overhead line of a distribution network.