The invention relates to the field of prevention and control of plant diseases, in particular to a method for preventing and controlling chlorosis. The method for preventing or controlling the chlorosis by regulating the soil structure comprises the following steps of: turning over soil around fruit trees to form ditches; removing the rotted roots of the fruit trees in the ditches, and finding healthy roots; adding soil regulating substances into the soil and mixing uniformly; filling the mixed soil into the ditches around the fruit trees and flattening the soil; and watering the flattened soil so that the soil is soaked with water. The method for preventing or controlling the chlorosis by regulating the soil structure has a good preventing effect and a good control effect. Moreover, the method for preventing and controlling the chlorosis can also be used for regulating the soil beyond the crown edge, so that the development of the roots of the fruit trees can be promoted, and the integral growth of the fruit trees is further promoted; the roots of the fruit trees are damaged slightly; without use of the substances such as pesticide and the like, the method is suitable for green agricultural production; and the disease resistance of the fruit trees is improved, and the quality and the quantity of fruits are also improved.